Reference List — Formatting Rules
Every source cited in your text must appear in the reference list, and every entry must be cited in the text.
No exceptions either way. For examples of specific source types, see Citing Sources by Type.
- One alphabetical list. Do not split sources into books, articles, or websites, and do not number them.
- Times New Roman 12, 1.5 line spacing, 0 pt spacing before/after.
- Hanging indent: first line flush left, every following line of the same entry indented 1.27 cm (Word: Format → Paragraph → Special → Hanging).
- No blank line between entries — just press Enter for a new one.
- Left-aligned, not justified.
- Include the DOI or URL at the end of any entry that has one.
- Always include the issue number for a journal article.
- If a journal article has no DOI and comes from an academic database, end the reference after the page range — treat it the same as a print journal article.
Example entry
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
In text: (Grady et al., 2019) or Grady et al. (2019).