Web Pages, Blogs & News Articles
Academic Writing & APA Style Guide – all sections
Online sources that aren’t a journal, book, or report.
Webpage, with an author
Template:Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site Name. URL
Example:Crossref. (2021). What is a DOI and how does it work? Crossref. https://www.crossref.org/documentation/member-setup/doi-basics/
In text:(Crossref, 2021) / Crossref (2021)
Webpage, no date
Template:Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of page. Site Name. URL
In text:(Author, n.d.)
Note: Use “n.d.” only when the page genuinely has no publication or last-updated date — check the page footer before assuming there isn’t one.
Source with no identified author
Template:Title of work. (Year). Site Name. URL
In text:(Title of Work, Year) — use a short version of the title in quotation marks if it’s long.
Note: Don’t cite as “Anonymous” unless the source is literally signed that way.
Blog post
Template:Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. Blog Name. URL
In text:(Author, Year)
Note: Formatted exactly like a webpage — the only difference is that you may want to mention in your own text that it’s a blog, since blogs vary widely in reliability.
News article
Template:Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Newspaper Name. URL
In text:(Author, Year)
Note: If no individual journalist is credited, treat the newspaper itself as the author — e.g., (Postimees, 2024).